The Hilton Hotel And Resorts | Marketing Mix

The Hilton Hotel And Resorts | Marketing Mix According to Philip Kotler marketing strategies are the combinations of all important marketing goals into a comprehensive plans, it should be from marketing research and its centre of attention should be right marketing mix to achieve maximum profit and sustainability for the organisation. Hilton Hotel and resorts is a Hospitality industry founded by Conard Hilton in 1919 in Cisco, Texas (U.S) and has 540 hotels worldwide. Its first brand was opened in Business travel and leisure travel are the two marketing emphasis the company is focusing on. Hilton Hotel and Resorts are mostly located in city centres, near airports etc for the easy access for the customers. This assignment is on Hilton Hotel (HHonours) near Heathrow Airport; with in Heathrow area it has three branches. Easy access from all terminals Heathrow central and terminal 5. It has partnership with different airlines and car rental companies. It just 6 minutes walk away from T4 and 10 minutes away by courtesy shuttle bus from T5. Hilton London Heathrow Airport hotel Exterior (http://www3.hilton.com/en/hotels/united-kingdom/hilton-london-heathrow-airport-LHRAPTW/index.html) Marketing: Marketing in Hospitality industry is one of the main elements to increase profits and success of the business and it is playing very important role in hospitality. It helps the organisation to get success through understand their customers, what they want, their needs; priorities and demand from the organisation and what are their expectation level from customer service point of view, leisure and infrastructure etc. It is really easy these days through internet. The organisation can also put surveys on internet, blogs, websites, social media, etc. For example Hilton hotel is available on face book where anyone can like, comment and post their views and also customers can check their updates, offers etc. http://xzamcorp.com/quality-blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Facebook-Hilton-Hotels-Resorts.jpg (https://www.facebook.com/hilton) Marketing Mix Marketing mix is a mixture of four fundamentals product, price, place and promotion. That actions used to satisfy the wants of an organisations target market and at the same time achieve its marketing objectives. (Stanton) 1994. http://www.marketingteacher.com/image/content/mmix.gif Product- this feature of marketing mix is including planning, developing and producing the right category of products and services in the market by an organisation. In short words what is the quality of the product, size of the product? How is it looks like, design of the product, value of the product, about packaging, testing and range etc? Product of Hilton Price- To fix a right price of product is a most difficult task. Price of the product should be reasonable and affordable so organisation can sell their product easily and successfully in the market. There are lots of steps between set the right price for example: determination of unit price of the product, pricing policies and strategies, discounts, credits, cost, terms of delivery, payment, competitive price credit policy etc. Price of Hilton hotel Place- It is called distribution channels, storage and warehousing, coverage channel, inventory management, selection channel, distribution logistics etc. Management of organisation is responsible to choose and deal with distribution channels so customers can get the product at right place at right time. They should develop physical distribution. Wholesalers and retailers are most important channels which are used for physical distribution of goods. Place for Hilton hotel Promotion- the fourth p is promotion it does include determination about direct marketing, sales promotion, advertisements, publicity, exhibitions, public relations activity etc. Most important tools are advertisements and sales promotion which are used to promote the sale of products of organisations. Promotional activities are free distribution of sample of product, contests etc. These types of tools are expressive which does help to beat the competition in the market to organisation. Advertisements are used to communicate and pass the information to customers and consumers about the features of product through television, internet, newspapers and magazines, radio, billboards, banners and posters etc. Limitations Doing advertisements or promotion is expensive tool but there is lots of advertisements on the television and internet so people can get fed up thats why mostly people ignore the advertisements on television they just skip the channels when the advertisements comes in front of them. Some people do not read the advertisements on newspapers and magazines. Promotion about Hilton Branding- branding is a unique name and identity of the company. It is a procedure of mark and stamp to the product with identify look, design and logo etc. So customers and consumers can get idea about the features of product from the name, look, logo, mark and design. Brand name or design should be attractive, which can attract to the customers. From brand name customers can recognise the product. When they give a symbol or name to the product organisation should always keep in mind there is lots of competitor in the market. Brand should be like that which is no one can copy it easily. Customer loyalty- it is about to encourage the customer, attract towards brand, buy the product often and in extra amount. It is about satisfaction level of customers, confidence, and their needs and wants. Organisation should build relationship with customers using e-market via email, messaging on mobile phones, so customers can stay keep in touch with them. Organisation should give points to the customers on loyalty cards. They should show to customers to care for them what are their choices and what they do not want. Network and customer relationships marketing strategies- Marketing take place in public relationship. For an organisation should have good and strong relation with society to fight the competition in the market. They should build strong network into the market with stakeholders. Now a days every organisation have customer care department to sort out the problems of customers and they have call centres as well as they have online customer care facility via internet so customers can call them or email them regarding their problems. In an organisation network and customer relationship is how does effective staff deals with customers and employers with employees. Hilton Hotel company appreciates the value of its staff and uses internal marketing to retain them and make them feel valued. At the Hilton organisation management realises that the companys team member added value and quality to the business. In fact it is the people working for the organisation that makes the Hilton hotels corporation such an international success. A hotel is an actual physical product, but a lot of the experience of visiting a hotel relates to the service offered by its staff to the customers. At Hilton hotel organisation management realises that staff treat customers with about same degree of respect as they themselves are treated by their employers. If staff are not treated and valued well they in turn will not respect or treat customers very well. Obviously this is very bad for an organisation..The Hilton hotel corporation invests a lot of time and money in its staff. It takes training and staff development very seriously. It involves staff in all aspects of it s marketing plans and strategy so that everyone knows what is going on and how they make contribution. Organisation gives rewards to its staff for effort with awards and promotion. It includes its staff by allowing them access to extranet which is also share with its business partners. Management offers a comprehensive befits packages to its staff, including: medical, dental and vision care coverage, life accident and disability insurance, the Hilton stock purchase plan, the flexible work arrangement. Other benefits including vacation and holiday pay plus and special privileges when staff stays at Hilton hotels. At the Hilton group management really try to retain good staff and do everything possible to make working for the Hilton hotel organisation rewarding and satisfying experience. Marketing communication activities and strategies-marketing communication is a way which is used by an organisation to change the behaviour of stakeholders towards product. They present to product into the market in such way, people can get information about the product from designing, promotion, exhibitions, advertisements, newspapers, magazines, mobile phone marketing etc. Marketing communication can be develop by direct marketing and indirect marketing. Personal selling, sales promotion, advertising, public relations these are all marketing communication. Those all tools are used for communication about product, which tells to public about the features of product. Organisation use marketing communication to achieve the market objectives and target sales. Communication is messages between one person to other person and in marketing it is between seller and buyer. E-marketing- e-marketing is an internet marketing, which is also called as an online marketing, web-marketing. Now a days every organisation use electronic technology for advertisements to gain the objectives. Technology plays a vital role for an organisation such computer based technology. Organisation create their websites, they send information about products online. Internet offers unique opportunities for organisation and customers to communicate with each others. It is a good way to build relationship with each other. Companies do promotion by direct email, advertisements on internet, by text messaging on mobile phones as well. People can know about the organisations and their manufactured goods to visit on their websites through internet. Organisation can do advertisements through social media for example: face book, twitter etc. On other hand some people do not trust on online information. These types of people prefer to go to the organisation personally so they can get information about the product from someone face to face. Guerrilla marketing activities and strategies- this type of strategy is a weapon for marketers and it is not very expensive it is low cost strategy. Guerrilla marketing is a unusual methods of promotion. This type of marketing does not focus on sales just focus profits, on primary success. It does expect highest results from minimum resources. But sometimes these methods of marketing represent the false image of brand, which is not good to get success for an organisation and survive for long time in the future. Viral marketing- it is blog marketing, forum marketing, email marketing and article marketing. This type of marketing is passed from one person to another person for example messengers are used for viral marketing. Social media is the best way for viral marketing. Public relationship strategies:-Public relation strategies are one of the promotional Mix (advertisement, personal selling, sales promotion, corporate image and Exhibition). According to Bill bernbach:- People cant believe you if they dont know what you are saying and they cant know what you are saying if they dont listen to you, and they wont listen to you if youre not interesting. Any news, planning, presentation, job advertisement etc organisation wants to give to public and any feedback organisation want from public different media such as speaker opportunities (conferences, seminars, public forums), trade show support (press appointments, private demos), public launch, magazines, newspaper, (articles, report), TV, internet, PR blogs (such as face book, twitter, online Pr) etc. Public relationship is a relationship of sharing information relation to organisation not only between organisation and customers; it is also with employees, staff, consumers, general public, competitors etc. Public relation plays a vital role and its essential to make public aware and up-to-date about new policies, procedures, jobs, vacancies etc. Marketing and marketing communication theory Conceptual frameworks Recommend marketing and customer loyalty strategies that would secure and/or enhance the organisation competitive advantage.

Practicum Report

PRACTICUM REPORT In partial fulfillment Of the requirement in Accounting 330a Presented to: Prof. Teresita Crucero Dean College of Business and Accountancy Central Philippine University Jaro, Iloilo City Presented by: Mary Ann Christi M. Espinosa Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting October 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page———- Table of Contents——— Narrative Report——— Analysis Report——— Introduction Letter——— Practicum Rating——— Daily Time Record——— Exam Permits———- Attendance Slips——— Application Form for Practicum——- Parental Consent Form——– Log Book/Daily Diaries——– INTRODUCTION NARRATIVE Internship or on the job training or practicum is one way by which we students are given an opportunity to apply the theories and computations that we have learned from school. It also helps us to obtain applicable knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. College and Universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of the curriculum. For us students, a practicum or internship program provides opportunities to go through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools, equipments and documents. In effect the workplace becomes a development venue for us student trainee to learn more about our chosen field and practice what we have learned from the university. On the other hand, a valuable OJT/Practicum program also profits the companies who accept trainees. First trainee provides extra manpower for a significant labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are eager to learn the ropes so chances are high that they will cooperate. Employers can use this internship strategy as method of recruiting employees. Since the trainer or supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress, he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee will make good recruit after the completion of his internship. We trainees can bring fresh ideas in the organization. Given the opportunity to converse our minds freely and without fear, we may be able to contribute significantly in the brainstorming or research and eventually help improve the organizations productivity. While training the interns, employers are in fact teaching their employees to guide the trainees by stretching their patience, develop teaching skills and make them more sensitive to the needs and mindset of the younger generation. The course of supervision also teaches them how to share what they know and be receptive to questions. Hence, the internship also becomes an avenue in training for future managers of the company. Accepting on the job trainees can truly be beneficial not only to the trainees but also to the companies that provide opportunities for this type of learning. There is wisdom in the front lines. Such training can be investment that will be valuable to the company later on. This is also why us trainees should take our internship seriously as it can be a powerful tool and possibly even a source of recommendation when they take that big lift from being students to career professionals. Every day, man learns something. It is in his system to learn and discover. Man was born for this. It is an instinct to search for answers in order to satisfy their questions. Save it to their memory and use it in their daily lives. I am on my last semester as a Management Accounting student, I take pride for what I have achieved at this time of my life plus the fact that it’s not easy to maintain a cut-off grade in most of my Accounting subjects in order for me to stay and graduate as a bachelor in Management Accounting. With regards to my off campus practicum, our school sends us to different offices to put our theoretical learning into practical applications. PUDADERA ACCOUNTING OFFICE is located in Arguelles Street, Jaro Iloilo City. It is a ten minute walk from the 6th gate of Central Philippine University. The two-storied building was built in a subdivision with the calm atmosphere of the community and its landscape. The appearance of the building is well harmonized with the surroundings. However, it gives guests the impression of dignity and openness. Directly inside the main entrance, Pudadera Accounting Office has a small but welcoming lobby with a natural concrete floor, stylish but difficult to walk on heels. There are several chairs arranged against the wall and a side table which are placed the company’s newspapers and other publications. The receptionist’s desk is facing the entrance door, and behind it sits two friendly women. Passing through the receptionists’ area which is directly leads to the main office. The area is small but it is well arranged to welcome the clients as well as guests. The receiving area has a big square table in the middle with a large window overlooking the exterior. The remainder of the office space is segmented with partitioning walls, forming a sort cubicle. The office starts its operation from 9am to 6pm from Mondays to Friday and 9am to 12nn during Saturdays. The office is closed on Sundays and during Holidays. To grow and create value, the company must have the trust of its clients, lenders and investors. The office assists their clients in the proper applications of accounting principles that will become effective. They also assist in completing certain requirements under existing rules and regulations of regulatory bodies such as the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and others. The office reviews financial information based on agreed-upon procedures, assisting acquirers/investors in determining factors affecting the price and post-acquisition financial issues and providing integrated support throughout the acquisition process. They also provide advice and assistance with the registration and reporting requirements of government agencies relating to tax and/ or investment incentives granted under various investment laws and regulations as administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Department of Trade and Industry, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Local Government and etc. It also can provide assistance in determining a company’s tax liabilities, preparing related returns and remitting these taxes to regulatory agencies within the prescribed deadlines. Some of the clients also ask the office to do the payroll and also provides assistance in Social Security System and Philippine Health Insurance application and payments on their own employees. As I stepped in to the accounting office, the first task I did was to update the books of the firm’s clients. Bookkeeping is the process of recording and classifying business financial transactions, or to put it another way, the process of maintaining the records of a business’s financial activities. The objective in bookkeeping is to create a useable summary of financial transactions, which provides a snapshot of the business’s financial stability. The most basic form of accounting is the single-entry system. In this system, you record each transaction only once, as either a deposit or as an expense. This system is generally used to determine the profit/loss of a business. However, the preferred system is the double-entry system. The double-entry system is more accurate, and has built-in checks and balances. In this system, each transaction is recorded twice, in each â€Å"account† it affects. This is a more thorough method of keeping a business’s financial transaction in order. Bookkeeping; As part of the business science of accounting, it represents the daily tasks of tracking its financial transaction of a business and recording it correctly. This includes a sale, purchase of equipment and supplies, investment income for the month, or internal transfer of funds. As a bookkeeper, I have the access to all the daily transaction data for a particular client. Amongst the books that I have updated, the office uses single-entry method of bookkeeping. The approach is very streamlined, tracking only accounts associated directly with money coming in and money being spent by the business which many new businesses and sole proprietors accustomed to. All of this data is then rolled up regularly into a report based on a cash flow structure, showing starting balance, how much new money was earned, how much was spent, and finally a remaining net balance for the period. There are three basic elements of bookkeeping: assets, liabilities, and net assets. Assets are all items used in the operation or investment activities of a business. This category includes all property, or items of value, owned by a business. Examples include cash, buildings, land, vehicles, tools, inventory, office supplies, furniture, investments, and accounts receivable (any funds owed to the business). Increases in assets are called debits. Decreases in assets are called credits. Generally, various assets are referred to as debit accounts. Liabilities are claims by creditors to the assets of a business, or debts owed by the business to others. Types of liabilities include loans, notes payable, and lines of credit. Net assets are the equity earned by the business. Net assets are the value of the business once all liabilities have been paid. It can also be called owner’s equity, capital, net worth, profit, or proprietorship. There are also several other things to keep in mind when considering a company’s net assets: †¢ Revenue is the increase in net worth resulting from the operations and other activities of the business. Revenue includes income earned through the business’s services, interest earned on investments, and contributions from individuals or foundations. Although net assets are considered to be credit accounts, sources of revenue are actually considered to be debit accounts. Expenses are the costs of doing business. This includes the cost of goods, fixed assets, and services/supplies used in the business’s operations. Examples of expenses include salaries, rent, travel expenses, and the costs of supplies and utilities. Expenses are credit accounts. †¢ Net assets are calculated by subtracting tot al expenses from total revenue, on a yearly basis. Whenever revenue is received, net assets increase. Whenever expenses are paid, net assets decrease. The paper side of bookkeeping is managed through ledgers. Each account has a ledger to show each financial change that has occurred to the account. Sales account shows every sale made in a period by peso amount. It will also show corrections made to the account if there was an error or a bad posting. Eventually, for reporting, all the ledgers used are rolled into one combined report, which then tells management how money was earned and spent for the time period tracked. All business transactions result in at least two changes to the bookkeeping equation. In other words, a transaction that changes a business’s assets must also change that business’s liabilities or net assets. Some transactions increase accounts. If a business’s assets increase, then there must also be an increase in either liabilities or net assets. Other transactions can decrease accounts. If a business’s assets decrease, so must either its liabilities or its net assets. Bookkeeping goes hand in hand with taxes. Bookkeeping is the process of keeping track of business income and expenses tallying them over time. Taxes are sums that you must pay to government institutions relative to the income and expenses that you tally by means of bookkeeping process. As a practicum, it is our duty to update each of the client’s books. If we keep the books up to date, it can be relatively simple to file tax returns. Most tax returns involve transferring bookkeeping totals and multiplying them by tax rates. The office maintains a file of receipts for each of the client each month. ANALYSIS Strategizing An up-to-date bookkeeping system enables you to develop strategies to minimize the amount of tax you owe. Income tax rates increase as your income level rises. If you know that you will earn less during an upcoming calendar year, you may choose to make capital expenditures that will lower your tax burden during a year when your overall tax rate will be higher. If your bookkeeping is current and you only need to perform simple calculations to file taxes, you are less likely to accrue penalties and interest on late filings and payments. Running a business means being vigilant about your bookkeeping so that you always know where you stand. If you have a small business, or are in charge of bookkeeping for a business, then you should know some basic accounting and bookkeeping rules to make sure that you're able to run your business smoothly, with no hiccups in the financial department. Choose a System * When starting your bookkeeping, you need to choose a system for doing it. Most businesses choose a cash or accrual system. In a cash system, the bookkeeper records all cash coming in and going out as it is received. For instance, you may make a sale on Friday, but the check doesn't come until Monday, so you record it on Monday. With accrual, you record things when they happen. You would record the sale on Friday and account for the money then, even if you didn't yet receive it. Choosing your system relates mostly to how you do business, if you are vigilant about always having the funds on hand, or if you don't mind doing some of your business on credit. Choose the method that works best for your company. Maintain Your Books * As a bookkeeper or small business owner, you should be updating and maintaining your books daily. It can be easy to put off an entry until tomorrow, but to keep things organized and orderly, you should be entering things in the books as they happen. Resist the urge to leave things until another day. With books, you're dealing with numbers and money, and any small mistake can have big consequences. Make it easier on yourself by maintaining the books daily. Take a few minutes to update and assess, so you are continually in the loop of your financial situation. Leave a Paper Trail * When keeping books, it's important to always do things in order, to number checks and enter them chronologically with all of the information at hand. You should have records of every single financial move you make, through accounting slips, receipts and receiving orders. If, for some reason, you are targeted by the IRS for an audit, they'll want to see clean books with correct records. Leaving a paper trail in everything you do financially with the business is essential to bookkeeping. Practicum Report PRACTICUM REPORT In partial fulfillment Of the requirement in Accounting 330a Presented to: Prof. Teresita Crucero Dean College of Business and Accountancy Central Philippine University Jaro, Iloilo City Presented by: Mary Ann Christi M. Espinosa Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting October 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page———- Table of Contents——— Narrative Report——— Analysis Report——— Introduction Letter——— Practicum Rating——— Daily Time Record——— Exam Permits———- Attendance Slips——— Application Form for Practicum——- Parental Consent Form——– Log Book/Daily Diaries——– INTRODUCTION NARRATIVE Internship or on the job training or practicum is one way by which we students are given an opportunity to apply the theories and computations that we have learned from school. It also helps us to obtain applicable knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. College and Universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of the curriculum. For us students, a practicum or internship program provides opportunities to go through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools, equipments and documents. In effect the workplace becomes a development venue for us student trainee to learn more about our chosen field and practice what we have learned from the university. On the other hand, a valuable OJT/Practicum program also profits the companies who accept trainees. First trainee provides extra manpower for a significant labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are eager to learn the ropes so chances are high that they will cooperate. Employers can use this internship strategy as method of recruiting employees. Since the trainer or supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress, he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee will make good recruit after the completion of his internship. We trainees can bring fresh ideas in the organization. Given the opportunity to converse our minds freely and without fear, we may be able to contribute significantly in the brainstorming or research and eventually help improve the organizations productivity. While training the interns, employers are in fact teaching their employees to guide the trainees by stretching their patience, develop teaching skills and make them more sensitive to the needs and mindset of the younger generation. The course of supervision also teaches them how to share what they know and be receptive to questions. Hence, the internship also becomes an avenue in training for future managers of the company. Accepting on the job trainees can truly be beneficial not only to the trainees but also to the companies that provide opportunities for this type of learning. There is wisdom in the front lines. Such training can be investment that will be valuable to the company later on. This is also why us trainees should take our internship seriously as it can be a powerful tool and possibly even a source of recommendation when they take that big lift from being students to career professionals. Every day, man learns something. It is in his system to learn and discover. Man was born for this. It is an instinct to search for answers in order to satisfy their questions. Save it to their memory and use it in their daily lives. I am on my last semester as a Management Accounting student, I take pride for what I have achieved at this time of my life plus the fact that it’s not easy to maintain a cut-off grade in most of my Accounting subjects in order for me to stay and graduate as a bachelor in Management Accounting. With regards to my off campus practicum, our school sends us to different offices to put our theoretical learning into practical applications. PUDADERA ACCOUNTING OFFICE is located in Arguelles Street, Jaro Iloilo City. It is a ten minute walk from the 6th gate of Central Philippine University. The two-storied building was built in a subdivision with the calm atmosphere of the community and its landscape. The appearance of the building is well harmonized with the surroundings. However, it gives guests the impression of dignity and openness. Directly inside the main entrance, Pudadera Accounting Office has a small but welcoming lobby with a natural concrete floor, stylish but difficult to walk on heels. There are several chairs arranged against the wall and a side table which are placed the company’s newspapers and other publications. The receptionist’s desk is facing the entrance door, and behind it sits two friendly women. Passing through the receptionists’ area which is directly leads to the main office. The area is small but it is well arranged to welcome the clients as well as guests. The receiving area has a big square table in the middle with a large window overlooking the exterior. The remainder of the office space is segmented with partitioning walls, forming a sort cubicle. The office starts its operation from 9am to 6pm from Mondays to Friday and 9am to 12nn during Saturdays. The office is closed on Sundays and during Holidays. To grow and create value, the company must have the trust of its clients, lenders and investors. The office assists their clients in the proper applications of accounting principles that will become effective. They also assist in completing certain requirements under existing rules and regulations of regulatory bodies such as the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and others. The office reviews financial information based on agreed-upon procedures, assisting acquirers/investors in determining factors affecting the price and post-acquisition financial issues and providing integrated support throughout the acquisition process. They also provide advice and assistance with the registration and reporting requirements of government agencies relating to tax and/ or investment incentives granted under various investment laws and regulations as administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Department of Trade and Industry, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Local Government and etc. It also can provide assistance in determining a company’s tax liabilities, preparing related returns and remitting these taxes to regulatory agencies within the prescribed deadlines. Some of the clients also ask the office to do the payroll and also provides assistance in Social Security System and Philippine Health Insurance application and payments on their own employees. As I stepped in to the accounting office, the first task I did was to update the books of the firm’s clients. Bookkeeping is the process of recording and classifying business financial transactions, or to put it another way, the process of maintaining the records of a business’s financial activities. The objective in bookkeeping is to create a useable summary of financial transactions, which provides a snapshot of the business’s financial stability. The most basic form of accounting is the single-entry system. In this system, you record each transaction only once, as either a deposit or as an expense. This system is generally used to determine the profit/loss of a business. However, the preferred system is the double-entry system. The double-entry system is more accurate, and has built-in checks and balances. In this system, each transaction is recorded twice, in each â€Å"account† it affects. This is a more thorough method of keeping a business’s financial transaction in order. Bookkeeping; As part of the business science of accounting, it represents the daily tasks of tracking its financial transaction of a business and recording it correctly. This includes a sale, purchase of equipment and supplies, investment income for the month, or internal transfer of funds. As a bookkeeper, I have the access to all the daily transaction data for a particular client. Amongst the books that I have updated, the office uses single-entry method of bookkeeping. The approach is very streamlined, tracking only accounts associated directly with money coming in and money being spent by the business which many new businesses and sole proprietors accustomed to. All of this data is then rolled up regularly into a report based on a cash flow structure, showing starting balance, how much new money was earned, how much was spent, and finally a remaining net balance for the period. There are three basic elements of bookkeeping: assets, liabilities, and net assets. Assets are all items used in the operation or investment activities of a business. This category includes all property, or items of value, owned by a business. Examples include cash, buildings, land, vehicles, tools, inventory, office supplies, furniture, investments, and accounts receivable (any funds owed to the business). Increases in assets are called debits. Decreases in assets are called credits. Generally, various assets are referred to as debit accounts. Liabilities are claims by creditors to the assets of a business, or debts owed by the business to others. Types of liabilities include loans, notes payable, and lines of credit. Net assets are the equity earned by the business. Net assets are the value of the business once all liabilities have been paid. It can also be called owner’s equity, capital, net worth, profit, or proprietorship. There are also several other things to keep in mind when considering a company’s net assets: †¢ Revenue is the increase in net worth resulting from the operations and other activities of the business. Revenue includes income earned through the business’s services, interest earned on investments, and contributions from individuals or foundations. Although net assets are considered to be credit accounts, sources of revenue are actually considered to be debit accounts. Expenses are the costs of doing business. This includes the cost of goods, fixed assets, and services/supplies used in the business’s operations. Examples of expenses include salaries, rent, travel expenses, and the costs of supplies and utilities. Expenses are credit accounts. †¢ Net assets are calculated by subtracting tot al expenses from total revenue, on a yearly basis. Whenever revenue is received, net assets increase. Whenever expenses are paid, net assets decrease. The paper side of bookkeeping is managed through ledgers. Each account has a ledger to show each financial change that has occurred to the account. Sales account shows every sale made in a period by peso amount. It will also show corrections made to the account if there was an error or a bad posting. Eventually, for reporting, all the ledgers used are rolled into one combined report, which then tells management how money was earned and spent for the time period tracked. All business transactions result in at least two changes to the bookkeeping equation. In other words, a transaction that changes a business’s assets must also change that business’s liabilities or net assets. Some transactions increase accounts. If a business’s assets increase, then there must also be an increase in either liabilities or net assets. Other transactions can decrease accounts. If a business’s assets decrease, so must either its liabilities or its net assets. Bookkeeping goes hand in hand with taxes. Bookkeeping is the process of keeping track of business income and expenses tallying them over time. Taxes are sums that you must pay to government institutions relative to the income and expenses that you tally by means of bookkeeping process. As a practicum, it is our duty to update each of the client’s books. If we keep the books up to date, it can be relatively simple to file tax returns. Most tax returns involve transferring bookkeeping totals and multiplying them by tax rates. The office maintains a file of receipts for each of the client each month. ANALYSIS Strategizing An up-to-date bookkeeping system enables you to develop strategies to minimize the amount of tax you owe. Income tax rates increase as your income level rises. If you know that you will earn less during an upcoming calendar year, you may choose to make capital expenditures that will lower your tax burden during a year when your overall tax rate will be higher. If your bookkeeping is current and you only need to perform simple calculations to file taxes, you are less likely to accrue penalties and interest on late filings and payments. Running a business means being vigilant about your bookkeeping so that you always know where you stand. If you have a small business, or are in charge of bookkeeping for a business, then you should know some basic accounting and bookkeeping rules to make sure that you're able to run your business smoothly, with no hiccups in the financial department. Choose a System * When starting your bookkeeping, you need to choose a system for doing it. Most businesses choose a cash or accrual system. In a cash system, the bookkeeper records all cash coming in and going out as it is received. For instance, you may make a sale on Friday, but the check doesn't come until Monday, so you record it on Monday. With accrual, you record things when they happen. You would record the sale on Friday and account for the money then, even if you didn't yet receive it. Choosing your system relates mostly to how you do business, if you are vigilant about always having the funds on hand, or if you don't mind doing some of your business on credit. Choose the method that works best for your company. Maintain Your Books * As a bookkeeper or small business owner, you should be updating and maintaining your books daily. It can be easy to put off an entry until tomorrow, but to keep things organized and orderly, you should be entering things in the books as they happen. Resist the urge to leave things until another day. With books, you're dealing with numbers and money, and any small mistake can have big consequences. Make it easier on yourself by maintaining the books daily. Take a few minutes to update and assess, so you are continually in the loop of your financial situation. Leave a Paper Trail * When keeping books, it's important to always do things in order, to number checks and enter them chronologically with all of the information at hand. You should have records of every single financial move you make, through accounting slips, receipts and receiving orders. If, for some reason, you are targeted by the IRS for an audit, they'll want to see clean books with correct records. Leaving a paper trail in everything you do financially with the business is essential to bookkeeping. Practicum Report PRACTICUM REPORT In partial fulfillment Of the requirement in Accounting 330a Presented to: Prof. Teresita Crucero Dean College of Business and Accountancy Central Philippine University Jaro, Iloilo City Presented by: Mary Ann Christi M. Espinosa Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting October 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page———- Table of Contents——— Narrative Report——— Analysis Report——— Introduction Letter——— Practicum Rating——— Daily Time Record——— Exam Permits———- Attendance Slips——— Application Form for Practicum——- Parental Consent Form——– Log Book/Daily Diaries——– INTRODUCTION NARRATIVE Internship or on the job training or practicum is one way by which we students are given an opportunity to apply the theories and computations that we have learned from school. It also helps us to obtain applicable knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. College and Universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of the curriculum. For us students, a practicum or internship program provides opportunities to go through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools, equipments and documents. In effect the workplace becomes a development venue for us student trainee to learn more about our chosen field and practice what we have learned from the university. On the other hand, a valuable OJT/Practicum program also profits the companies who accept trainees. First trainee provides extra manpower for a significant labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are eager to learn the ropes so chances are high that they will cooperate. Employers can use this internship strategy as method of recruiting employees. Since the trainer or supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress, he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee will make good recruit after the completion of his internship. We trainees can bring fresh ideas in the organization. Given the opportunity to converse our minds freely and without fear, we may be able to contribute significantly in the brainstorming or research and eventually help improve the organizations productivity. While training the interns, employers are in fact teaching their employees to guide the trainees by stretching their patience, develop teaching skills and make them more sensitive to the needs and mindset of the younger generation. The course of supervision also teaches them how to share what they know and be receptive to questions. Hence, the internship also becomes an avenue in training for future managers of the company. Accepting on the job trainees can truly be beneficial not only to the trainees but also to the companies that provide opportunities for this type of learning. There is wisdom in the front lines. Such training can be investment that will be valuable to the company later on. This is also why us trainees should take our internship seriously as it can be a powerful tool and possibly even a source of recommendation when they take that big lift from being students to career professionals. Every day, man learns something. It is in his system to learn and discover. Man was born for this. It is an instinct to search for answers in order to satisfy their questions. Save it to their memory and use it in their daily lives. I am on my last semester as a Management Accounting student, I take pride for what I have achieved at this time of my life plus the fact that it’s not easy to maintain a cut-off grade in most of my Accounting subjects in order for me to stay and graduate as a bachelor in Management Accounting. With regards to my off campus practicum, our school sends us to different offices to put our theoretical learning into practical applications. PUDADERA ACCOUNTING OFFICE is located in Arguelles Street, Jaro Iloilo City. It is a ten minute walk from the 6th gate of Central Philippine University. The two-storied building was built in a subdivision with the calm atmosphere of the community and its landscape. The appearance of the building is well harmonized with the surroundings. However, it gives guests the impression of dignity and openness. Directly inside the main entrance, Pudadera Accounting Office has a small but welcoming lobby with a natural concrete floor, stylish but difficult to walk on heels. There are several chairs arranged against the wall and a side table which are placed the company’s newspapers and other publications. The receptionist’s desk is facing the entrance door, and behind it sits two friendly women. Passing through the receptionists’ area which is directly leads to the main office. The area is small but it is well arranged to welcome the clients as well as guests. The receiving area has a big square table in the middle with a large window overlooking the exterior. The remainder of the office space is segmented with partitioning walls, forming a sort cubicle. The office starts its operation from 9am to 6pm from Mondays to Friday and 9am to 12nn during Saturdays. The office is closed on Sundays and during Holidays. To grow and create value, the company must have the trust of its clients, lenders and investors. The office assists their clients in the proper applications of accounting principles that will become effective. They also assist in completing certain requirements under existing rules and regulations of regulatory bodies such as the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and others. The office reviews financial information based on agreed-upon procedures, assisting acquirers/investors in determining factors affecting the price and post-acquisition financial issues and providing integrated support throughout the acquisition process. They also provide advice and assistance with the registration and reporting requirements of government agencies relating to tax and/ or investment incentives granted under various investment laws and regulations as administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Department of Trade and Industry, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Local Government and etc. It also can provide assistance in determining a company’s tax liabilities, preparing related returns and remitting these taxes to regulatory agencies within the prescribed deadlines. Some of the clients also ask the office to do the payroll and also provides assistance in Social Security System and Philippine Health Insurance application and payments on their own employees. As I stepped in to the accounting office, the first task I did was to update the books of the firm’s clients. Bookkeeping is the process of recording and classifying business financial transactions, or to put it another way, the process of maintaining the records of a business’s financial activities. The objective in bookkeeping is to create a useable summary of financial transactions, which provides a snapshot of the business’s financial stability. The most basic form of accounting is the single-entry system. In this system, you record each transaction only once, as either a deposit or as an expense. This system is generally used to determine the profit/loss of a business. However, the preferred system is the double-entry system. The double-entry system is more accurate, and has built-in checks and balances. In this system, each transaction is recorded twice, in each â€Å"account† it affects. This is a more thorough method of keeping a business’s financial transaction in order. Bookkeeping; As part of the business science of accounting, it represents the daily tasks of tracking its financial transaction of a business and recording it correctly. This includes a sale, purchase of equipment and supplies, investment income for the month, or internal transfer of funds. As a bookkeeper, I have the access to all the daily transaction data for a particular client. Amongst the books that I have updated, the office uses single-entry method of bookkeeping. The approach is very streamlined, tracking only accounts associated directly with money coming in and money being spent by the business which many new businesses and sole proprietors accustomed to. All of this data is then rolled up regularly into a report based on a cash flow structure, showing starting balance, how much new money was earned, how much was spent, and finally a remaining net balance for the period. There are three basic elements of bookkeeping: assets, liabilities, and net assets. Assets are all items used in the operation or investment activities of a business. This category includes all property, or items of value, owned by a business. Examples include cash, buildings, land, vehicles, tools, inventory, office supplies, furniture, investments, and accounts receivable (any funds owed to the business). Increases in assets are called debits. Decreases in assets are called credits. Generally, various assets are referred to as debit accounts. Liabilities are claims by creditors to the assets of a business, or debts owed by the business to others. Types of liabilities include loans, notes payable, and lines of credit. Net assets are the equity earned by the business. Net assets are the value of the business once all liabilities have been paid. It can also be called owner’s equity, capital, net worth, profit, or proprietorship. There are also several other things to keep in mind when considering a company’s net assets: †¢ Revenue is the increase in net worth resulting from the operations and other activities of the business. Revenue includes income earned through the business’s services, interest earned on investments, and contributions from individuals or foundations. Although net assets are considered to be credit accounts, sources of revenue are actually considered to be debit accounts. Expenses are the costs of doing business. This includes the cost of goods, fixed assets, and services/supplies used in the business’s operations. Examples of expenses include salaries, rent, travel expenses, and the costs of supplies and utilities. Expenses are credit accounts. †¢ Net assets are calculated by subtracting tot al expenses from total revenue, on a yearly basis. Whenever revenue is received, net assets increase. Whenever expenses are paid, net assets decrease. The paper side of bookkeeping is managed through ledgers. Each account has a ledger to show each financial change that has occurred to the account. Sales account shows every sale made in a period by peso amount. It will also show corrections made to the account if there was an error or a bad posting. Eventually, for reporting, all the ledgers used are rolled into one combined report, which then tells management how money was earned and spent for the time period tracked. All business transactions result in at least two changes to the bookkeeping equation. In other words, a transaction that changes a business’s assets must also change that business’s liabilities or net assets. Some transactions increase accounts. If a business’s assets increase, then there must also be an increase in either liabilities or net assets. Other transactions can decrease accounts. If a business’s assets decrease, so must either its liabilities or its net assets. Bookkeeping goes hand in hand with taxes. Bookkeeping is the process of keeping track of business income and expenses tallying them over time. Taxes are sums that you must pay to government institutions relative to the income and expenses that you tally by means of bookkeeping process. As a practicum, it is our duty to update each of the client’s books. If we keep the books up to date, it can be relatively simple to file tax returns. Most tax returns involve transferring bookkeeping totals and multiplying them by tax rates. The office maintains a file of receipts for each of the client each month. ANALYSIS Strategizing An up-to-date bookkeeping system enables you to develop strategies to minimize the amount of tax you owe. Income tax rates increase as your income level rises. If you know that you will earn less during an upcoming calendar year, you may choose to make capital expenditures that will lower your tax burden during a year when your overall tax rate will be higher. If your bookkeeping is current and you only need to perform simple calculations to file taxes, you are less likely to accrue penalties and interest on late filings and payments. Running a business means being vigilant about your bookkeeping so that you always know where you stand. If you have a small business, or are in charge of bookkeeping for a business, then you should know some basic accounting and bookkeeping rules to make sure that you're able to run your business smoothly, with no hiccups in the financial department. Choose a System * When starting your bookkeeping, you need to choose a system for doing it. Most businesses choose a cash or accrual system. In a cash system, the bookkeeper records all cash coming in and going out as it is received. For instance, you may make a sale on Friday, but the check doesn't come until Monday, so you record it on Monday. With accrual, you record things when they happen. You would record the sale on Friday and account for the money then, even if you didn't yet receive it. Choosing your system relates mostly to how you do business, if you are vigilant about always having the funds on hand, or if you don't mind doing some of your business on credit. Choose the method that works best for your company. Maintain Your Books * As a bookkeeper or small business owner, you should be updating and maintaining your books daily. It can be easy to put off an entry until tomorrow, but to keep things organized and orderly, you should be entering things in the books as they happen. Resist the urge to leave things until another day. With books, you're dealing with numbers and money, and any small mistake can have big consequences. Make it easier on yourself by maintaining the books daily. Take a few minutes to update and assess, so you are continually in the loop of your financial situation. Leave a Paper Trail * When keeping books, it's important to always do things in order, to number checks and enter them chronologically with all of the information at hand. You should have records of every single financial move you make, through accounting slips, receipts and receiving orders. If, for some reason, you are targeted by the IRS for an audit, they'll want to see clean books with correct records. Leaving a paper trail in everything you do financially with the business is essential to bookkeeping.

Macbeth Coursework Essay

In this essay I will be looking at Act 2, Scenes 1 and 2 of Macbeth and producing a detailed analysis of the scenes, providing examples of how I would direct them and comparing this with how it may have been directed in Shakespeare’s day. I will also be discussing the context in which the play was written and discussing the impact this had on Shakespeare’s writing. I am setting Macbeth in the time period of which it was originally set in, the 11th century. To uphold historical accuracy, the actors will also be dressed in medieval clothing and so their outfits won’t be that grand but practical and warm, broaches and smocks. The scenery that I will have will be of a built up castle with a staircase and an upper level but also a curtain to fall in front with just an empty field for front-of-tabs work when they are not near a castle. The stage will there for have to be set in open-end staging. I have kept with the original setting for many reasons: one is that people were more suspicious at that time and were a lot more likely to believe that there are witches that make psychic predictions, also less foolish that Macbeth believes them if it was set in time when people were less sceptical toward the supernatural. If it was set in modern day Macbeth would be seen as foolish to believe them and put his life at risk for things that they have said are truths. Another flaw with setting it in modern day is that if somebody, especially the King, was murdered then the body would have to undergo a full forensic search. It would seem implausible that if a monarchy was killed for the blame to go to onto his children purely because they fled, if it was set in a time where they could just check the DNA on the weapons that you know are left there. I am also setting it then to make the story feel more real. As that is when the real Macbeth walked and talked, however falsified the story is. So it seemed best to set it in the time it was meant to have taken place. When Banquo and Fleance enter at the start of the Act, Fleance is holding a torch to show it is dark. This fits with their conversation about the night, because if they were just walking around saying it was dark but without showing any signs of not being able to see, then it would just seem unrealistic. Before Macbeth leaves to kill Duncan he should take the necklace showing symbol that he is Thane of Cawdor off and show that he is no longer that. He should also wear a red cloak to symbolise the blood, as if it is surrounding him, it should be tied up around his neck and when he is feeling the impact of what he did it should be as if it is so tight it is chocking him, the blood, or his deed, are chocking him. The scene is set in Dunsdane castle at night, Macbeth’s castle. We know that it is gone midnight from Banquo and Fleance’s conversation. This would affect the audience when Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, in Jacobean England, people were superstitious and ‘witching hour’ was still believed and feared. Also night was the time when bad things happen, it was associated with evil, witchcraft and hidden acts. Also it was common believed at the time that the good and righteous were in far before it got dark as the day is for the good and the night for the evil, the time where dark deeds took place. The stairs of the castle behind show that it is set in the courtyard of Macbeth’s castle. They are walking across stage but quite slowly as to fit in the text as it makes sense for them to be heading somewhere, as it would seem inappropriate for them to just be standing out in the dark and the cold. Historically Banquo and Macbeth were best friends and both together killed the King. But Shakespeare, who knew that King James 1, the current king, was a descendant of Banquo and thought it best not to show him as being evil. It would displease the King to show his ancestor as treasonous, so he decided to make him out as innocent and good and for him to try and discourage Macbeth from killing Duncan. By having Banquo out after dark when the bad and evil were supposedly out may have been Shakes peares way of communicating this to the audience in a discrete manner, one that the King could not fret about. The things that I would add to the start of the scene are that the lighting should be dull and dimly lit to show that it is dark with a few small lights at the top as they are referenced. This just adds to the feel of the night. Also the sound effects of crickets, regardless of whether there would be any again reference to the night it would add to the suspense. In the scene between Banquo and Fleance, Banquo has greater authority over Fleance as he refers to him as ‘Sir.’ ‘I take’t, ’tis later, sir’ So therefore when onstage Banquo needs to show that he is of higher status and so needs to look down at him. Fleance needs to be played quite introvertedly and be more hunched and talk softer and at a higher pitch than Banquo, as that will show his age. When Macbeth (and his servant) enters he should come from the opposite side of the stage from where Banquo and Fleance are. So Macbeth enters from the side where stairs are nearest and all four of them head toward the stairs when they spot each other. His servant is standing downstage to him when they are talking as it shows the lesser importance of him in both status and the play. When Banquo and Macbeth are talking they start to discuss the three witches. ‘I had a dream about the three weird sister. To you they have shown some truth.’ This shows that Banquo may be out after dark as he was having bad dreams. Macbeth should seem taken aback at this statement as if he was at that time, thinking about them, yet denies it. ‘I think not of them.’ Banquo doesn’t believe him and stays wary of him, seeming unsure what to say and the atmosphere is quite uncomfortable as Macbeth is suspicious that Banquo suspects what he is planning on doing. They are friends as well so they have to speak pleasantly and they also would not discuss possible murder plots in frount of Banquo’s son. Banquo must seem as if he is sizing Macbeth up, to see whether he would actually do that. So he has to be looking at him intently. In Macbeth’s soliloquy after he sends his servant away, he pauses and then in silence starts to pace, as if trying to think about what to do as he is torn. You hear a door open in the distance and he jumps, showing that he is on-edge and anxious. He also appears to be muttering to himself, which again shows that he is running through his thoughts on the matter. In centre stage a figure that is dressed in black produces a dagger from their costume. Macbeth sees this and walks over curiously, as he cannot see the figure. When he tries to grab it, the figure moves it just out of his way. This suggests that there is supernatural intervention. When the dagger goes towards Duncan’s room the figure dressed in black is beckoning to him and Macbeth seems transfixed on the dagger by his speech as also as he never takes his eyes off it. Just before blood appears on the dagger in the script, the figure seems to stab itself and the blood appears just on the blade. This is directing Macbeth to what he must do. The black figure then produces a crown above their head and places it on very slowly during his talk of murder and ghost and rape. When the bell rings though the crown is taken off and again is invisible. Macbeth’s voice at first when talking about the dagger, should seem entranced with it, as if it is drawing him in. He loses his sense of guilt and reaches out for it as if he was a cat just batting at the object. He should also sound shocked and confused that he can’t touch it, so it seems as though the witches are definitely putting a spell on him. The line ‘Nature seems dead’ should be said very slowly and definite, after that line it should get gradually and with more emphasis on the words. Also he should pause after ‘Moves like a ghost’. It shows his worry and nerve, also the use of the word ‘ghost’ connects it with death. In the last bit the figure produces a crown and Macbeth is determined to get it. By this time he has developed more dignity, and so he does not try and aimlessly bat around. He also appears to grow taller and in doing so makes him seem more worthy of Kingliness. When he says the last section of his soliloquy, the first line should be said whilst walking halfway up the stairs. He stops and looks around whilst saying ‘Hear it not, Duncan’. He then walks to the top of the stairs whilst saying ‘for it is knell.’ He looks over to the audience to say ‘to summon thee to Heaven,’ but the looks over to where he is exiting to say ‘or to hell’ This is said manically with a gruffer tone and with eyes open wider and the dagger held above his head as he runs off set. This section conveys the atmosphere of the night, it describes the night as being dark and dangerous. Which is conveyed by the use of personification, Macbeth compares the night to the evil deed such as murder, witchcraft and rape. It also again forewarns the terrible deeds that are soon to take place. At the beginning of Act 2 Scene 2 there should be sounds of wind in the background to show something bad is coming, this is a use of pathetic fallacy. This will make viewers think as to whether the deed has taken place yet. The audience should feel in suspense and want to know what has gone on. The lights should again be duller as it is still night, and the darkness on stage can also reflect the grey areas of the play that have not been revealed yet. Lady Macbeth, when talking, should come across as bolder and more confident than what you would think from a woman of her time. She should talk extrovertly and seem to get a sense of pleasure from what is happening, so she should look quite smug, she seems to have no remorse. You can tell that this is her outer shell as as soon as she hears the owl’s hoot, she panics and jumps but manages to regain her composition quickly. As when she says, ‘Hark! Peace’ This shows her panicking when she says Hark but then she realises that is nothing as so redeems herself by saying peace. She should enter from upstairs but the other side to Macbeth and should seem quite elated and with a smug sense of accomplishment as she meanders down the stairs and into the courtyard. She also actually freezes when she hears the owl. She is seen as dominating and so being strong relates to her being forceful before. The fact that she seems so jumpy is a contradiction to her otherwise confident manner, this shows that maybe deep down she isn’t so confident as is let on. That she only shows this exterior as to cover up the fact that she isn’t as strong as she wishes to be. When she says ‘if he had not resembled my father as he slept’ it should be said looking away from Macbeth. This shows her reluctance to show off her weakness and it shows that she did not really want to admit that to him, as if she though that it would make her seem weaker. It should also be said very monosyllabic, as to mask her feelings. This shows she does feel and does have emotions, but she chooses never to let anything but her rock solid exterior to be shown. Also that she is not as tough as she wants people to believe. When Macbeth returns with the daggers he should be in shock, to show what he did still hasn’t really sunk in and he doesn’t really believe what he did. He should talk in with a soft, distant tone as if he is not really concentrating on what he is doing. He should also not focus on anything as if he is far away, he should look through objects, not at them. When he says, ‘There’s one did laugh in’s sleep, and one cried ‘Murder!’ it is more to himself and when he is saying the speech around this he should never look at Lady Macbeth. He should seem more transfixed at the daggers. Lady Macbeth should talk with an almost hungry tone as she craves the power that it gives her. When she notices the daggers in his hands she has to seem quite disbelieving of his stupidity. When she says, ‘Why did you bring these from the place?’ She has to say it as if she cannot possibly understand why he did that, also very patronising. When Macbeth enters he is upstairs and Lady Macbeth is at the bottom and when they talk at the beginning of the scene, he is walking as they talk. He should seem shaky and closed. Lady Macbeth goes over to him, to go and comfort him but he pulls away and is transfixed with his hands and the blood on them, Lady Macbeth should also seem a bit put out by his rejection. Macbeth is filled with guilt so much he is controlled by it, so he cannot say ‘Amen.’ This is important as in Jacobean time, they were still very religious times, so by failing to be able to say the ending of a prayer shows how sinful this deed was. It shows a connection with the devil and being apart from God. He also talks about sleep, he describes it as being wonderful and relief, a blessing. When he was saying, ‘Sleep no more’, he is saying that this is a terrible punishment, sleep was taken away from him because he took a life. Lady Macbeth should seem forceful and annoyed still that he had rejected her earlier. She is very bossy and seems to be able to control and manipulate Macbeth, even though he is a strong warrior. Lady Macbeth is practical and keeps her head in their predicament, but this is quite misleading as later in the play she goes mad from the guilt of what she has done. So you know then that she doesn’t find it as simple as she lets on. We see a contrast in their characters by how they perceive the blood on their hands from the daggers. Macbeth uses a hyperbole by saying that ‘all Neptune’s water’ could not wash the blood away, so he is exaggerating and is talking more about the emotional scarring that that would leave him with. That nothing could possibly wash away what he did, no amount of water could make him forget. But Lady Macbeth simply talks about ‘how easy it is then’ as she describes only how easy it is to physically wash it off. She does not think of the guilt, only on how to get out of the blame. The dramatic effect of the knocking is that people are waking and that they can be found at any point. Somebody could arrive, also shown by the knocking as you knock to enter when you arrive. Macbeth should not seem jumpy as he is not really aware of what’s going on around him as he still hasn’t consciously awoken. Lady Macbeth should seem more aware of it as she is more aware of what they have done. During the whole of Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy, Macbeth should very slowly being playing with the water in the bucket, also to be staring very intently at it, and sounds of water movement. When Macbeth says ‘to know my deed, ’twere best not know myself’. He says it directly at Lady Macbeth, looking straight into her eyes as if willing her to understand him. When the knocking is finally getting to Macbeth he should suddenly outburst and talk very loud, almost shouting, ‘Wake Duncan with thy knocking!’ This shows that the knocking and what he did are starting to really get to him, he is more aware of the knocks when he become more aware of what he did. The voice is also a contrast to his distant and scared voice straight after he killed Duncan. Yet when he says, ‘I wish thou couldst.’ To be said softer and more inwardly, said more to himself, he should also bow his head as it shows his remorse for what he has done and his wish to rever se it. My play differs in many ways from what it would have been showed in Shakespeares day, as there is more technology and equipment in theatres now than they did then. In Shakespeare’s time there wasn’t backdrops, limited props and not very much in the way of scenery. Whereas, in my play there is an entire wall of a castle with a staircase and an upstairs for the actors to go in certain parts of the play, also there is a background of a forest for later on in the play. Underneath the stage is an area that opens up for the witches to go in when needed. These things they wouldn’t have been able to do in Shakespeare’s day, I am also using more advanced lighting then they would have then as well. Also the costumes that I use are from medieval time, whereas they were in Elizabethan dress when they were first performed. The audience would be different now as in Shakespeare’s day, the arena was a bit of a commotion, people talked, traded, drank. But nowadays, Shakespeare’s plays are seen almost as religious and the whole theatre is in silence. You are scolded if you even dare to cough. Also as people don’t have the same belief in witches and the supernatural as they did then, the story seems quite far-fetched, but it is still regarded as one of the greatest plays even written. Which is contradictory to the belief at the time. I think that my ideas are effective and also they are original, for example, my idea for Macbeth’s soliloquy, which, to my knowledge, hasn’t been used before. I think that it will be effective as I feel I have captured the characters in the way that they were written by Shakespeare and it stays very close to the original setting and so stays traditional.

Free Essays on Mind Play

Since as far back as when the great Greek Philosopher Aristotle studied the workings of human emotions, learning, and perception, scientists and doctors alike have been interested in the mysterious workings of the human mind. Across various nations, the studies of the brain developed and expanded as technology and science created new and innovated ways to study and observe through scientific learning. However, it has become apparent that the minds of both humans and animals alike are far more complex than scientists and philosophers had originally assumed. Psychology has since become the science of behavior and human processes. Many fields have been developed as sub-divisions within the vast field of psychology. Two of the most common are clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. The most distinct differences between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists are the areas in which they work, they education that is required for them to participate in their fields, and the ways in which they treat their patients. The field of clinical psychology has become of great interest to numerous individuals in recent years. The desire to help and understand people is shared greatly throughout the nation, and even the world. Year by year, more and more clinics are being opened for new clinical psychologists to open their own practices in. The clinics generally consist of one or more offices where the psychologist either runs his own practice or shares the practice with other psychologists of the same demeanor. Each of the psychologists has been through at least four years of college and has received a bachelor’s degree in psychology. To receive the title of clinical psychologist, a person must have completed a four-year bachelors program at a university. After the psychologist receives his four-year degree and entered a clinic, it is time for the psychologist to begin his practice. Within the clinic, the psychologist may administer psychotherapy ... Free Essays on Mind Play Free Essays on Mind Play Since as far back as when the great Greek Philosopher Aristotle studied the workings of human emotions, learning, and perception, scientists and doctors alike have been interested in the mysterious workings of the human mind. Across various nations, the studies of the brain developed and expanded as technology and science created new and innovated ways to study and observe through scientific learning. However, it has become apparent that the minds of both humans and animals alike are far more complex than scientists and philosophers had originally assumed. Psychology has since become the science of behavior and human processes. Many fields have been developed as sub-divisions within the vast field of psychology. Two of the most common are clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. The most distinct differences between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists are the areas in which they work, they education that is required for them to participate in their fields, and the ways in which they treat their patients. The field of clinical psychology has become of great interest to numerous individuals in recent years. The desire to help and understand people is shared greatly throughout the nation, and even the world. Year by year, more and more clinics are being opened for new clinical psychologists to open their own practices in. The clinics generally consist of one or more offices where the psychologist either runs his own practice or shares the practice with other psychologists of the same demeanor. Each of the psychologists has been through at least four years of college and has received a bachelor’s degree in psychology. To receive the title of clinical psychologist, a person must have completed a four-year bachelors program at a university. After the psychologist receives his four-year degree and entered a clinic, it is time for the psychologist to begin his practice. Within the clinic, the psychologist may administer psychotherapy ...

Codes of ethics essays

Codes of ethics essays As some people would say new times bring new crimes; especially with the invention of internet more people have access to private information to use it for them our benefits. The more knowledgeable or professional a person is about computers, the higher is the risk people can get harm. For this, codes of ethics was created; for computer practitioners to follow. Code of ethics is more like a guide for computer practitioners that everyone in the field should follow according to many professionals in the field. Some writers have suggested that codes of ethics are pointless and unnecessary. Many others believe that codes are useful and important, but disagree about why. Writers argue that some codes need to be completed or updated to the most recent technology, which brings a bigger argument in the computer field. First of all; to make home, school, and office life easier people relies on computers. As a result of this dependency, computer grows everyday. Along with the growing use of computers comes widespread computer crime. Most of the people who uses computer to do a crime are the ones who has knowledge of computer which most of them are the ones who studied a career in computers. In this time is not that hard for a person to get a computer like it was before; the computer industries have so many distributors and competitors that any middle class family can own one. Most people will agree that one of the main reasons for buying a computer is the internet. Once people start to get know how to use the computer, most of them will start using the internet for many reasons: business, homework, research, etc. Knowing the facilities the internet gives, people start to save private information on their computers or let the computer do the job for them for example pay their bills online. For some computer professionals this may be one of the easiest ways to make money from the accommodation of their private home. This is when the codes of ...

The practises and process of change management Essay

The practises and process of change management - Essay Example Due to ease of measurement and adjustment, more concentration is given to the hard side and the soft side is ignored as the impacts on the soft side are hard to measure and due to this difficulty, they are even hard to alter. It is clear that the most challenging part of change management is the soft side or the side that concerns people. Body A huge range of change management models and literature is available to help managers in dealing with changes and implementing changes successfully. Theoretical models have provided tremendous amount of insight about how managers can successfully implement change. But these models are not applicable to every situation and managers need to handle change according to their own situations. The models provided for change by several theorists have been created while keeping in mind that these models are applicable to the general population of the organizations. The first theory proposed regarding change was done by Kurt Lewin in which he stated that there are a number of factors that influence an individual’s perception to change and an individual might go through three stages in order to accept and implement change. According to Kurt Lewin’s theory, change does not occur suddenly; rather individuals and organization go through a process before they finally adopt change. According to him there are three stages that need to be travelled for organization’s to change. The first part of this three staged process is unfreezing in which the state of an organism of not being ready to accept changed is altered to being ready and enthusiastic to take the initial steps to accept change (MAILICK, 1998, p.15). The unfreezing stage is undoubtedly the most important of all stages because in this change an individual has to first be ready to change. To make an individual ready to accept change, the management of an organization has to take several necessary steps. These steps include, informing employees about the necess ity of changing and the current comfort boundary is no longer a viable option. The information about necessity to change will motivate individuals and the higher will be the amount of urgency to change, the higher the level of employee motivation towards change will increase (GILLEY, 2005, p.35). Once the management has been successful in unfreezing the people working within the organization, they next move towards solving the issue of how to continue with the change process. Kurt Lewin states that change is not a one time event; it continues to take place in the form of a process and thus has regarded the process of change as a transition (MAILICK, 1998, p.15). Transition here does not signal the changes that can be witnessed; rather these changes include those alterations that take place inside as a reaction of the proposed change. The second stage proposed by Kurt Lewin is the changing stage in which the actual change arises and the changes that are desirable take place. In this stage, the employees working within an organization shift from old ways of doing things to new ways of doing things. The problem with this stage is that it is the most complex stage of the entire change process as this stage gives rises to the fear of unknown within the people (SENGUPTA, 2006, p.3). This change step is even considered difficult as in

Conflict between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Northern Ireland Essay

Conflict between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Northern Ireland - Essay Example The paper has stated that the primary aim of the battle was due to rising discrimination of the small minority Catholic group who claimed that their political freedom was thwarted. Also, they were hindered from active political participation in the nation’s political agenda. The paper also indicates that the other motive of the conflict was due to the diversity in ideologies between the Protestants and the Catholics. One group backed the support of the British rule in the country while the other wanted total freedom and full control of the country. This, as the paper suggest led to inequality in resource allocation for the individuals in the southern part who were economically disadvantaged, and most of the residents were in acute poverty besides being politically sidelined. This paper also further discusses the troubles that existed as a result of the conflict and it tends to respond to the notion that the development of large protest groups acts as a prerequisite to the deve lopment of political violence in a country. This essay makes a conclusion that the conflict that existed between IRA and the Northern Ireland resulted in several innocent killings and damages of property. The primary motives of the attacks were politically instigated because there was significant discrimination of the Catholics who were opposing their colonial oppression. The rise in the political tension in the country was stimulated highly by the small political and union groups that merged to trigger the individuals into fighting.